The value and application of electroencephalography (EEG)-based monitoring in patients undergoing general anesthesia/sedation is an important issue of clinical concern. Based on the current evidence, consensus was reached on the influence of EEG-based monitoring on perioperative complications including intraoperative awareness, postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction was consensus. Recommendations for the application of EEG-based monitoring in specific populations and clinical scenarios were proposed, as well as the interference factors and limitations. Furthermore, the prospect of EEG-based monitoring for general anesthesia/sedation was described in order to provide guidance for its application.