Objective Based on the theoretical framework of CBE model, this paper explores the training plan, training content, assessment, and evaluation for nurses in the postanesthesia care unit, aiming to establish a specialized training program for nurses in the postanesthesia care unit that is in line with China's national conditions.Methods The research team focused on the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for professional positions and, through literature review and focus group discussions, drafted an initial proposal for a specialized training program for nurses in the postanesthesia care unit. From April 2024 to June 2024, two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were conducted with 20 anesthesia nursing experts, anesthesiology experts, and nursing management experts in Jiangsu Province.Results The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100%.The authority coefficients of the authority coefficients were 0.918 and 0.92.The Kendall’ W was 0.476 and 0.355. Eventually, a specialized training program for nurses in the postanesthesia care unit was formulated, including 3 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 34 third-level indicators.Conclusion The specialized training program for nurses in the postanesthesia care unit, constructed based on the CBE model, is scientific, reliable, and feasible. It features distinctive specialized training content and diversified training methods. Moreover, it sets standards and requirements for the qualifications, assessment, and evaluation of trainees, providing a reference for medical institutions to conduct hierarchical training in anesthesia nursing and carry out work in anesthesia nursing units.