Objective To analyze the research status, hotspots, and development trends of standardized anesthesiology residency training in China over the past decade. Methods Literature related to standardized anesthesiology residency training published between January 2013 and December 2023 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis. Results A total of 415 articles were included, with the number of publications increasing annually and growing collaboration between researchers and institutions. Keyword analysis revealed research hotspots such as simulation teaching, ultrasound guidance, teaching rounds, and endotracheal intubation. Emerging topics at the frontier included situational simulation, training effectiveness, and mental health. Conclusions Research on standardized anesthesiology residency training is gaining increasing attention. Future studies should focus more on enhancing training quality and innovating teaching methods to promote the continued development of anesthesiology residency programs.