The monitoring of intracranial pressure during perioperative period is of great significance to the recognition, diagnosis and evaluation of the diagnosis and treatment effect of hypertension during pregnancy and headache after caesarean section. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) can indirectly reflect the changes of intracranial pressure. This article mainly reviews the research progress of the application of optic nerve sheath diameter in perioperative obstetrics, in order to provide reference for clinical evaluation of intracranial pressure changes in perioperative parturients.