【Abstract】Postoperative pulmonary complications are common complications after thoracic surgery, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Perioperative ventilation strategy is an important factor affecting postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery. However, the optimal perioperative ventilation strategy to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery is still controversial. In this article, the effects of perioperative ventilation strategies on postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery, were reviewed, aiming to provide clinical references for reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery and improving patients' prognosis.