Perioperative pain and sleep disorders are two important factors that affect the recovery of surgical patients. Perioperative pain mainly includes preoperative pain caused by the primary diseases and postoperative pain caused by surgical trauma. There are various types of perioperative sleep disorders, including insomnia, drowsiness, abnormal sleep-wake rhythm, and sleep disorders at specific sleep stages. Perioperative pain and sleep disturbance interact and have a complex relationship, which increases postoperative complications and delays recovery. This article aims to provide a review of the interaction between perioperative pain and sleep disorders, as well as comprehensive prevention and treatment, providing assistance to promote patient rapid recovery.