With the vigorous development of artificial intelligence technology, machine learning, as its core driving force, is profoundly changing the face of the medical field, especially in the perioperative anesthesia has shown unprecedented application progress. In order to further understand the application status and innovation achievements of machine learning in peri- operative anesthesia, this paper reviews the latest applications of machine learning in multiple perioperative procedures, including accurate assessment of preoperative risk, intelligent assistance of airway management, accurate positioning of regional anesthesia, and intelligent upgrade of decision support system. At the same time, it also examines the limitations and challenges faced by machine learning in the application of this field, in order to provide new ideas and directions for future research and application.