Under the impetus of patient-centered care and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery principles, ultrasound-guided regional nerve block techniques have made significant advancements. The subfascial iliac fascia block (S-FICB) above the inguinal ligament has gained widespread application in perioperative management of lower limb surgeries, particularly for hip and knee joint procedures, due to its simplicity, high safety profile, and reliable analgesic effects. This technique provides strong support for patient-centered care and multimodal analgesia. This article reviews the anatomical basis of the fascia iliaca compartment, the relationship between the lumbar plexus and the fascia iliaca compartment, the operation method and clinical application of S-FICB, and the comparison and combination of S-FICB with other block techniques.