The application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of airway management is becoming increasingly widespread. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms enable the development of predictive models to assist in the preoperative assessment of difficult airways, reducing the burden on medical resources. Additionally, intelligent decision-support systems can enhance physicians' clinical capabilities in diagnosing and managing difficult airways. This paper reviews the application of artificial intelligence in difficult airway assessment from three perspectives: airway assessment metrics, facial images, and medical imaging. The aim is to provide a reference for professionals involved in airway management.