Deceleration capacity (DC) is an advanced marker of heart rate variability that reflects the ability of the parasympathetic nervous system to regulate the cardiovascular system. It has been widely used to assess the survival risks associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining circulatory stability during general anesthesia is a key concern for anesthesiologists. Early identification of patients at risk of hemodynamic complications post-anesthesia can help in proactive prevention, timely intervention, and reducing adverse events. This review introduces the principles and monitoring methods of heart rate deceleration force, emphasizing the role of deceleration capacity in predicting cardiovascular events. It also discusses the research progress on the application of DC in anesthesia and explores its potential in predicting and managing hemodynamic fluctuations after general anesthesia induction and throughout surgical procedures. By understanding the significance of DC in anesthesia, anesthesiologists can better anticipate and manage hemodynamic challenges, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety during the perioperative period.