The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medicine has developed rapidly, driving innovation and transformation in anesthesiology. AI technology offers more precise solutions for preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative anesthesia management, monitoring, drug administration, and postoperative follow‑up, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of anesthesia while optimizing the allocation of medical resources. This article provides a systematic review of the progress in AI applications in anesthesiology, and analyzes the latest research findings and practical applications of AI in key areas such as anesthesia risk assessment, anesthesia skill operations, monitoring, and automated target‑controlled infusion systems. These findings will offer reference for anesthesiology professionals, researchers, and policymakers.