Mitochondrial dynamics include the ongoing processes of mitosis and fusion, which play a crucial role in preserving the function, structure, abundance, and distribution of mitochondria. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathological process that causes damage to the myocardium when blood flow is restored after a period of reduced blood supply, and its severity is influenced by the status of mitochondria function. This article comprehensively reviewed the involvement of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics in the progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. These proteins such as dynamin-related protein 1, Mitofusins 1/2 and optic atrophy 1 mediate various processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial energy metabolism, calcium overload, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and apoptosis. The aim of this review is to understand how these proteins can be targeted to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by myocardial ischemia.And explore the intervention and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics related proteins to maintain mitochondrial structural function, thereby preventing and reducing cellular damage caused by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, in order to provide a new perspective for subsequent research and treatment of ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction.