糖尿病是一种由多重病因交织而成的代谢性疾病，其核心特征为持续性的高血糖状态。若糖尿病未能得到有效管理，不仅会触发一系列危及患者生活质量的并发症，还会干扰正常的胃排空过程。文章旨在全面探讨糖尿病及其治疗中使用的胰高血糖素样肽‑1受体激动剂（GLP‑1RA）对胃排空机制的复杂影响，同时概述异常胃排空的诊断手段及预防治疗措施。为围手术期面临胃排空障碍的糖尿病患者提供管理策略，降低麻醉诱导期间可能发生的反流误吸风险，从而保障患者的安全。
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from a complex interplay of multiple etiologies. Poorly controlled diabetes not only leads to various complications that diminish patients' quality of life but also disrupts normal gastric emptying. This article aims to explore the intricate effects of diabetes and its treatment with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (GLP‑1RA) on gastric emptying mechanisms. Additionally, it summarizes diagnostic methods and preventive treatment strategies for abnormal gastric emptying. The purpose of this review is to provide management strategies for diabetic patients with gastric emptying disorders during the perioperative period, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration during anesthesia induction and ensuring patient safety.
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