With the emphasis on comfortable diagnosis and treatment, as well as enhanced recovery after surgery, perioperative pain management has gained increasing attention. Pain is a subjective experience, and individual differences in sensitivity to analgesic drugs and pain tolerance can vary among patients. Therefore, maintaining the ideal depth of analgesia through accurate pain monitoring is crucial for improving safety and comfort during surgery and anesthesia. This review summarizes the primary technologies for nociception and analgesia monitoring, aiming to provide new insights for developing an effective monitoring method to assess nociception levels in patients.