Maintaining hemodynamic stability is one of the most critical tasks for anesthesiologists during the perioperative period. Post-anesthesia hypotension is a common problem in clinical anesthesia and may lead to serious complications. Therefore, preoperative assessment of patient volume status and preventive measures before anesthesia have great significance for anesthesia safety. In recent years, it has been increasingly confirmed that ultrasound volume assessment index can accurately evaluate the preoperative volume status of patients. This article reviews researchs on the predictive effects of three ultrasound volume assessment indexs, namely carotid artery corrected blood flow time and respirophasic variation in blood flow peak velocity, collapsibility index of inferior vena cava, and variability internal jugular vein on postoperative hypotension, which helps anesthesiologists to accurately evaluate the volume status before surgery, and provide guidance for clinical monitoring and treatment of relevant patients.