Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved as an adjuvant therapy for epilepsy and depression. With the improvement of VNS treatment technology, the emerging non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation（nVNS）overcomes the shortcomings of invasive surgical implantation of stimulation devices, making clinical use simpler and more convenient. It has also shown great therapeutic potential in many central nervous system（CNS）diseases and is expected to gradually replace invasive therapy. In this article, we summarize the current research progress on nVNS and CNS diseases and provide a reference for perioperative application.