Airway management is an essential prerequisite for ensuring patient safety during general anesthesia. Failure of airway management may lead to serious complications such as hypoxemia, irreversible brain damage, and death. The review summarizes the advances of research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in airway assessment, endotracheal intubation, and ventilator management, and provides a retrospection and future outlook on the above aspects. The target of this review is to provide theoretical support for subsequent research and to serve as a reference for the application of AI in airway management and respiratory therapy.