Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of annexin A10 (Anxa10) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) on neuropathic pain. Methods Differentially expressed genes in the neuropathic pain‑related datasets of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed by R language, and further validated in a mouse model. According to the random number table method, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: a sham surgery (Sham) group, (n=24), a selective nerve injury (SNI) group (n=28), and a small interfering RNA (siRNA)+SNI group (n=8). In the Sham group, mice were exposed to the sciatic nerve without ligation or sectioning. Those in the SNI group underwent selective sciatic nerve branch injury to establish an SNI model. Mice in the siRNA+SNI group were intrathecally injected with siRNA for 2 d before establishment of the SNI model. The distribution of Anxa10 in DRG cells was observed by immunofluorescence. Paw mechanical withdrawal frequency (PMWF) were detected on preoperative day 0 and on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14. The changes of Anxa10 levels in the DRG were detected by Western blot. Results According to R language analysis, Anxa10 gene was the most significantly up‑regulated in the three datasets. Immunofluorescence results indicated that Anxa10 is expressed in DRG neurons. Compared with the Sham group, the SNI group showed increases in PMWF using 0.07 g Von Fray single fibers on postoperative days 3 and 7 (all P<0.05), and increases in PMWF using 0.40 g Von Fray single fibers on postoperative day 14 (P<0.05). Compared with the SNI group, the siRNA+SNI group presented decreases in PMWF using 0.07 g Von Fray single fibers on postoperative days 3 and 14 (all P<0.05), and decreases in PMWF using 0.40 g Von Fray single fibers at each time point, without statistical differences (all P>0.05). Compared with the Sham group, increased levels of Anxa10 were observed in the DRG of the SNI group on postoperative days 7 and 14 (all P<0.05). Compared with the SNI group, decreased levels of Anxa10 were seen in the DRG of the SNI group on postoperative day 14 (P<0.05). Conclusion Anxa10 in the DRG may promote neuropathic pain through neuronal activation in mice.