Ambulatory surgery is a new diagnostic and treatment model that has been vigorously promoted in China. The implementation of ambulatory surgery is a key focus of performance evaluation and comprehensive improvement of medical quality action plan in public hospitals. Ambulatory surgery of our country is in a rapid development stage. To ensure the standardized implementation of day surgery and further promote its standardized management, we need to establish a scientific management process. Comprehensive and refined process management is beneficial for improving the medical quality and satisfaction of patients, as well as enhancing the hospital's medical and health service capabilities. This article elaborates on the important roles of anesthesia and perioperative management in the current situation of ambulatory surgery, challenges in the implementation of ambulatory surgery, and the promotion of high-quality development of hospitals.