Objective To construct competency-based entrustable professional activities for anesthesiology specialists. Methods A total of 25 experts from Beijng, Hebei, Guangdong, Hubei, Shaanxi and Hainan provinces were consulted by Delphi method for three rounds. Results The positive coefficients of the three rounds of consulting experts were 100%, 100% and 96%, and the authoritative coefficients were 0.93, 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. The variation of expert opinions in the first round of consultation was less than 0.24. Finally, competency-based entrustable professional activities including 37 items and their trust levels are constructed. Conclusion The enthusiasm and coordination coefficient of experts are good, and the results are credible. A high-quality competency-based entrustable professional activities of anesthesiologists and their expected confidence level at different time points are preliminarily constructed, which provides a reference for the competency-based medical training and evaluation for anesthesiologists.