Pediatric patients with special needs usually refer to children with psychological and physiological disorders accompanied by related cognitive problems. This type of patient is common in clinical practice, but careful planning is necessary during the perioperative period to make the entire process as comfortable as possible and minimize trauma. This article reports on three pediatric patients with different types of special needs, who underwent anesthesia treatment according to the purpose of painless gastroscopy examination and weighing. This article retrospectively analyzed the disease characteristics of three children with special needs, combined with literature analysis to summarize the anesthesia focus, in order to improve the perioperative attention of clinical doctors and anesthesiologists to these patients.