Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of the application of chlorprocaine combined with ropivacaine in conversion of labor epidural analgesia to cesarean section anesthesia. Methods According to the random number generator method, 174 puerperas were divided into three groups: an alkalinized lidocaine group (group A, n=55), a procaine group (group B, n=60) and a chloroprocaine combined with ropivacaine group (group C, n=59). The epidural anesthetic drug was 1.6% lidocaine in group A, and 3% chloroprocaine for group B, while group C was given a mixture of 2% chloroprocaine+0.25% ropivacaine. The three groups were compared for age, gestational age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score during delivery analgesia, the time to onset of anesthesia, VAS score at the beginning of the operation, delivery time of the fetus, the incidence of intraoperative hypotension, the rate of intravenous analgesics use, neonatal 1 min and 5 min Apgar scores, VAS score at postoperative 2 h, the Modified Bromage Scale (MBS) scores, neurological complications, and the satisfaction of the mothers and obstetricians with anesthesia was also investigated. Results Compared with group A, group B and group C presented decreases in the time to onset of anesthesia (all P<0.05), decreases in VAS scores at the beginning of the operation and the rate of intravenous analgesics use (all P<0.05), and increases in the satisfaction of the mothers and obstetricians with anesthesia (all P<0.05). The rate of intravenous analgesics use in group B was higher than that in group C (all P<0.05). Group A and group B showed higher postoperative VAS scores than group C on postoperative 2 h (all P<0.05). There was no statistical differences in other indicators (all P>0.05). Conclusions Epidural administration of 2% chlorprocaine combined with 0.25% ropivacaine can be safely and effectively used for conversion of labor analgesia to cesarean section anesthesia.