Objective To improve the clinical safety and quality of obstetric anesthesia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (hereinafter referred to as Peking Union Hospital) from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 by analyzing the adverse events related to obstetric anesthesia (including labor analgesia). Methods A total of 39 cases of adverse events related to perioperative management in the adverse reporting system of Medical Service Division, Peking Union Hospital were analyzed. Results In the past five years, a total of 10 218 cases of obstetric anesthesia (including labor analgesia) were performed in Peking Union Hospital, involving 39 cases (3.8‰) of adverse events which were related to intraspinal puncture operation, intraspinal anesthesia management, complications and equipment consumables. Conclusions The summary and quality control analysis of adverse events can improve the clinical safety of labor analgesia and obstetric anesthesia, which can be achieved by strengthening department training and real‑time follow‑up management system.