The characters of neurosurgical anesthesia is manifested as the brain's high sensitivity to fluctuations of physiological parameters and the complications of neurosurgical procedures. In the past year, the literatures on neurosurgical anesthesia mainly focused on brain tumor surgery, cerebrovascular diseases surgery, and traumatic brain surgery. This review summarizes the latest research in neurosurgical anesthesia in 2023 and aims to optimize perioperative anesthesia management and improve patient prognosis.