Anesthesia crisis management is an ability that anesthesiologists must possess. However, for residents in anesthesiology, crisis management education is a challenging task. There is an urgent need for a suitable teaching method to enhance the efficiency and improve the quality of standardized training for residents. Scenario‑based simulation, widely employed in medical education, has been substantiated by numerous studies as a suitable instructional method for teaching anesthesia crisis management. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the significance, tool, evaluation methods, current applications, and prospects of scenario‑based simulation teaching in anesthesia crisis management. It is intended to assist in the application of simulation teaching in anesthesia crisis management education.