Madelung disease, also known as benign symmetric Lipo-matosis, is a rare disease characterized by large amounts of fat tissue symmetrically and diffusely distributed around the patient's neck. Patients seek medical attention mainly for treatment of aesthetic malformations, movement limitation, and dyspnea. It poses a great challenge to anesthetic management. This study reports one case of a patient who was proposed to undergo emergency therapeutic bronchoscopy, with the aim of providing reference for management of this group of patients.