【Abstract】Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare drug-induced skeletal muscle disease inherited from an autosomal dominant gene in clinical practice. It is a life-threatening clinical syndrome, often caused by exposure to potent inhaled anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine. It is a crisis event that anesthesiologists fear but must master emergency treatment measures. In this case, during the combined intravenous inhalation anesthesia for mastectomy, there was a sudden increase in body temperature accompanied by end breathing carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and increased heart rate. The anesthesiologist's high alertness, accurate clinical diagnosis, and active treatment effectively controlled the continued increase in body temperature. After active cooling treatment, the patient's final body temperature and other vital signs returned to normal and recovered from discharge. Later genetic testing confirmed that the judgment at that time was very correct, This also reminds every anesthesiologist to master the emergency response process and measures for rare diseases, to ensure the safety of patients.