Sleep disturbance is a common complication in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). As a non‑invasive technique, sleep electroencephalogram monitoring can objectively and quantitatively reflect the changes in electroencephalogram during sleep in patients with DOC. To some extent, it reflects the retention of brain function and consciousness. This article introduces the sleep electroencephalogram patterns of DOC patients and summarizes the value of sleep electroencephalogram in assisting the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients, as well as discussing the possible treatment of sleep disturbance in patients with DOC. This review aims to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment, management, and rehabilitation of patients with DOC.