Tracheal membrane injuries are rare but potentially life‑threatening, and their symptoms are easily overlooked. Risk factors for tracheal membrane injuries include the patient's underlying medical condition, airway manipulation, and surgery‑related factors. Recognition of the signs of tracheal membrane injury, such as subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and decreased ventilation, as well as early diagnosis are essential to improve prognosis. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury; minor injuries may require only conservative treatment, whereas severe injuries may require surgical repair. This article reviews the recent clinical evidence on tracheal membrane injuries and provides an overview of the pathophysiological basis, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of perioperative tracheal membrane injuries with the aim of reducing the incidence of these complications and improving the prognosis.