The changes of the pupil observed by the naked eyes can reflect part of the brain function of patients, which is however subjective and less accurate. Infrared pupillometer can accurately quantify the slight changes of the pupil, which has attracted the attention of brain function researchers and become increasingly applied by anesthesiologists. This paper summarizes the clinical application of different pupil indicators measured by infrared pupillometer in preoperative evaluation, intraoperative medication guidance, prediction of anesthesia-related complications and prognosis in the perioperative period, so as to shorten the length of hospitalization stay, improve the quality of perioperative recovery and accelerate the recovery of patients.