Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is an intrinsic mechanism for maintaining cerebral hemodynamics in the perioperative period, which is essential for neuroprotection. In recent years, with the widespread use of transcranial doppler, near‑infrared spectroscopy, and ultrasound‑tagged near‑infrared spectroscopy in clinical applications, CA monitoring has become an important tool in the identification and management of patients with fragile cerebral function in the perioperative period. This article reviews the progress on perioperative CA monitoring, bringing guidance for intraoperative blood pressure regulation and anesthesia management decisions, so as to reduce the risk of postoperative central nervous system complications.