Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as a selective α2‑adrenergic receptor agonist, can provide sedation, analgesia, forgetting, and perioperative sympathetic nerve blockade. Previous studies have shown that Dex reduces the incidence of adverse effects as an aid of venous and intraspinal transfusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Dex on maternal and fetal anesthesia. This paper analyzed the effects of Dex on maternal nausea, vomiting, chills, bradycardia, pruritus, hypotension, and fetal safety during cesarean anesthesia. The clinical effect of Dex on maternal anesthesia and analgesia is remarkable, but it still needs to be further explored in many aspects. Thus, we should still use it with great caution.