背景 随着分子靶点研究的深入，全身麻醉药分子水平的作用机制逐渐明确，但全身麻醉药引起意识消失的神经机制尚不清楚。 目的 总结分子靶点及丘脑皮质睡眠觉醒环路在全身麻醉引起意识消失中的作用，探讨全身麻醉药物引起意识消失的神经机制。 内容 目前很多研究表明全身麻醉药通过作用于睡眠-觉醒环路引起意识消失，其中丘脑-皮质环路是该环路的重要结构，全身麻醉引起的意识消失与抑制丘脑的活动及丘脑-皮质网状结构密切相关。 趋向 深入研究全身麻醉药引起意识消失的分子以及丘脑皮质睡眠觉醒环路的神经机制，有助于研发出更有效的全身麻醉药物。
Background The mechanisms of general anesthetics, an extremely diverse group of drugs, cause reversible loss of consciousness have been a long-standing mystery. Gradually, a relatively small numbers of important molecular targets have emerged, and how these drugs act on these target molecules is becoming clear. However, despite all progresses that had been made, we still lack a clear and comprehensive insight into the specific neurophysiological mechanism of anesthetic induced loss of consciousness. Objective This review will focus on the most recent advances regarding molecular targets and thalamic-cortical sleep-wake circuitry in anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness. Content Different general anesthetics can have effects at various points in the sleep-wake circuitry．The thalamus is important for the sleep-wake circuit. Anesthetic effect on unconsciousness is relatively decrease of thalamic activity. Also changes in thalamic-cortical network interactions appear as important component of the neural correlate of unconsciousness. Trend The progress in molecular targets and thalamic-cortical sleep-wake circuitry in anesthetic induced loss of consciousness will be helpful to develop new and safe effective anesthetics．
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