Background　The really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 146/Iduna is a kind of endogenous pro-survival protein and can combine with poly ADP-ribose (PAR) to effectively interfere the PARP1-dependent nerve cell parthanatos death caused by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Some researches also found that Iduna had the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and participated in the DNA repair, which played the regulating effect in many diseases through the Wnt pathway.　Objective　To understand the biological nature of RING finger 146/Iduna protein and its application in diseases.　Content　Review the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of endogenous pro-survival activity in different diseases and cell damage models of RING finger protein 146/Iduna.　Trend　With the further research on the biological function of RING finger protein 146/Iduna, its role in the disease will be revealed constantly.