Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　Studying the effect of different hand hygiene on the postoperative pulmonary infection between using hand-washing sterilization and using disposable plastic film gloves.　Methods　Totally 180 patients undergoing general intubation anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups: including normal group (group A), hand-washing sterilization group(group B) and using disposable plastic film gloves group (group C) (n=60). Samples were taken from the suction side, expiration side and store airbag of the anesthesia machine at the time points before the anesthesia, 2 h after the anesthesia and the end of the anesthesia. Then these samples were used to do germiculture.　Results　① The positive bacterial detection rates of the anesthesia machine ventilation system in group B(31/180, 17.22%) and group C(34/180, 18.89%) during the anesthesia are lower than that in group A(94/180, 52.22%), but there was no difference between group B and group C(P＞0.05). ② The postoperative pulmonary infection rates in B (2/60, 3.33%) and C(2/60, 3.33%) groups are lower than infection rates in group A(12/60, 20%) (P＜0.05).　Conclusions　Hand hygiene by using hand-washing sterilization and using disposable plastic film gloves can decrease the occurrence rate of the bacterial detection in the anesthesia machine ventilation system and the postoperative pulmonary infection.