Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To compare the effectiveness of simulation based training (SBT) on airway mangement education with non-simulation instruction.　Methods　Data were derived from Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus as well as Chinese hospital knowledge database (CHKD). Published studies comparing SBT with non-simulation instruction on airway management training were included. Independent reviewers working in duplicate extracted study characteristics, validity and outcomes data. Pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence interval(CI) were estimated from each study using random-effects model.　Results　Fifteen studies(855 trainees) were included. Combined data showed that SBT was associated with higher rate of successful task completion[risk ratio(RR):1.42(95%CI: 1.09-1.87), I2=76%] and better behavior performance [standard mean difference(SMD): 0.35(95%CI: 0.06-0.54), I2=0] compared with non-simulation instruction. The SBT also significantly increased trainee's satisfaction and interest in learning compared with non-simulation instruction, SMD was 0.63(95%CI: 0.32-0.95, I2=0) and 0.58(95%CI: 0.27-0.90, I2=0), respectively. In addition, the Meta-analysis also showed a trend in favor of SBT on time for task completion and writing examination score, although the differences did not reach statistically significant.　Conclusions　SBT is superior to non-simulation instruction on airway management training according to the current medical education outcomes. Further well-designed randomize controlled trials with long follow-up period are required to confirmed this findings.