Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　To investigate the influence of ropivacaine-induced convulsion on cell apoptosis of hippocampus and the ability of learning and memory in adult rats.　Methods　One hundred and ten SD adult rats were randomly divided into two groups: group NS（n=35） and group R（n=75）. Group R were i.p injected of convulsion ED50 of ropivacaine and rats undergoing convulsion were selected for experiment. Group NS were i.p. injected of NS. At 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d after convulsion, 5 rats in each group were chosen, then their hippocampus tissues were embedded with paraffin and siced up for immunohistochemistry experiments. The positive expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in hippocampus were calculated with microscope. Ten rats in each group were chosen and the effects of ropivacaine-induced convulsion on spatial memory and learning ability were observed in 8 day and 45 day after convulsion.　Results　Convulsion latency and persistence time of group R were（9.3±3.7） s and （7.2±4.6） s. The expression of Bax of group R increased at 2 h after convulsion, reached the top at 24 h and then declined, which was still higher than group NS in 7 d. The expression of Bcl-2 of group R increased at 6 h（P<0.05） after convulsion, reached the top at 24 h （P<0.05） and then down to normal in 7 d（P<0.05）. Group R had less scores than group NS in the results of EL and CT（P<0.05） in 8 d after convulsion, while there was no statistical significance in 45 d（P＞0.05）.　Conclusions　Convulsion induced by i.p. convulsion ED50 of ropivacaine increased cells apoptosis of hippocampus and reduced the ability of learning and memory in earlier period after convulsion, but it had little impact in longer period after convulsion.