Background　Neuropathic pain (NP) is a kind of pain syndrome induced by injuries or diseases in central or peripheral nervous system. The pathomechanism and symptoms of NP are complicated and variform. NP is the one of the most challenging syndrome to treat in clinical pain management.　Objective　This article aims to review the current research findings concerning the use of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant in the management of NP.　Content　The article reviews studies on the correlation of mitochondrial dysfunctions, mitochondrial oxidative stresses and NP, as well as studies on the treatments of NP with mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant.　Trend　Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants are promising candidates for treating NP patients.