Background　The prefrontal cortex is the advanced thinking center of the brain. The prefrontal cortex forms consciousness by integrating information from neuron interactions. Astrocytes accounts for vast majority of the central nervous system, and recently a large number of studies have shown that there are interactions between neurons and astrocytes lacking the specific mechanism.　Objective　This article aims to give some thoughts to treatments of certain neurological disorders and applications of anesthetic agents.　Content　The article reviews the relationship between prefrontal cortex astrocytes and cognitive function from aspects of pathology, physiology and behavior studies. In some brain injury diseases with cognitive function impairment, the prefrontal cortex shows distinctive changes while astrocytes in this area malfunction, and finally result in the obvious disturbance of consciousness.　Trend　Astrocytes mainly regulate functions of neurons by calcium oscillation, however the specific mechanism of which still needs further research.