Background Postoperative hoarseness is one of the complications after tracheal intubation , which affects the life quality of patients. It is difficult for physicians to cure the hoarseness, and easy to cause medical dispute. Therefore, more attention should be paid on this issue to avoid medical disputes. Objective To summarize the causes of hoarseness after general anesthesia with tracheal intubation and the prevention and treatment measure. Content Laryngeal injury, vocal cord paralysis and arytenoids cartilage dislocation have been shown to be major causes of hoarseness. Trend This article Reviewed the causes of hoarseness and the prevention, and treatment measure after general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. It will provide theoretical basis for clinical anesthesia.